The Comma in Punctuation

A comma is a  punctuation mark  that separates elements and ideas within a sentence. The comma is the most common mark of punctuation—and the most commonly misused. In his  Time magazine essay,  In Praise of the Humble Comma, author and essayist Pico Iyer compared the  punctuation mark to a flashing yellow light that asks us only to slow down. Knowing when to insert that flashing light (the comma)  and when it is better to let the sentence ride on without interruption is a conundrum that challenges even the most expert of writers. Learning a few simple rules can help you master when to use a comma and when to omit it. How to Use Commas Correctly Place a comma in front of any coordinating conjunction (and, but, for, nor, or, so, and yet) that joins two independent clauses  in a compound sentence. Author  Maya Angelou  used this example of a comma before a coordinating conjunction: I sliced onions, and Bailey opened two or even three cans of sardines and allowed their juice of oil and fishing boats to ooze down and around the sides. (Maya Angelou, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings) Note how Angelous sentence contains two independent clauses—each could stand on its own as a sentence—but the author, instead, decided to join them with the coordinating conjunction  and, which was preceded with a comma. If the two independent clauses are short, however, you can usually omit the comma: Jimmy rode his bike and Jill walked. In most cases, do  not  use a comma before a conjunction that links two words or phrases: Jack  and  Diane sang  and  danced all night. In a Series Use commas to separate words and phrases in a series of three or more: Everyone hollered, hooted, back-slapped, and jumped into the air. (Keith  Nolan,  Into Cambodia) Use a  comma to separate  adjectives  that are  coordinate  (adjectives that are interchangeable before or after a  noun): The books are  trim, crisp, clean,  especially in the moment when they arrive from the printer in a cardboard box. (John  Updike,  Self-Consciousness) You can tell whether adjectives are coordinate by inserting the conjunction  and  between them. If the sentence makes sense, the adjectives are coordinate and should be separated by commas. By contrast,  cumulative adjectives—two or more  adjectives  that build on one another and together  modify  a  noun—are generally  not  separated by  commas: I  wrote in a marble-floored room at the back of the little lavender house we rented on Essex Road. (John  Updike,  Self-Consciousness) After an Introductory Clause To signal a pause, use a comma after an introductory word, phrase, or clause: For  the first few days of his life, Wilbur was allowed to live in a box near the stove in the kitchen. (E.B. White, Charlottes Web)   Use a comma after a  phrase  or  clause  that precedes the  subject  of the sentence: Lacking brothers and sisters, I was shy and clumsy in the give and take and push and pull of human interchange. (John  Updike,  Self-Consciousness) If the introductory element doesnt require a pause, you can usually omit the comma. To Set Off Phrases Use commas to set off  interrupting phrases  and  nonrestrictive elements—words, phrases, or clauses that provide  added (though not essential) information to a sentence. For example: He sat back in his chair, slightly ashamed of himself, and laid down his pen. (George Orwell, Nineteen Eighty-Four)   But dont use commas to set off words that directly affect the essential meaning of the sentence: Your manuscript is both good and original. But the part that is good is not original, and the part that is original is not good. (Samuel Johnson) Other Uses for Commas Use a comma between the day and year in a date, in numbers greater than 999 (except in street addresses and years), and between the city and state in a location: The last time I was there was Jan. 8, 2008.The house is located at 1255 Oak Street, Huntsville, Ala.He had 1,244,555 marbles in his collection.In the year 1492, Columbus sailed the ocean blue. When a phrase refers to a month, day, and year, set off the year with a comma, says The Associated Press Stylebook, 2018: Feb. 14, 2020, is the target date The Oxford, or Serial, Comma The  Oxford  comma, also called the serial comma, precedes the  conjunction  before the final item in a list of three or more items. It is usually optional and is generally  not  used when only  two  parallel  items are connected by a conjunction:  faith and charity: This song was composed by Moe, Larry, and  Curly. Though the  AP Stylebook  is a notable exception, most American  style guides  recommend using the serial comma for the sake of  clarity  and consistency. In contrast, most British style guides discourage use of the serial comma unless the items in the series would be confusing without it. As Joan I. Miller says in The Punctuation Handbook: Nothing is gained by omitting the final comma in a  list, while clarity can be lost in some cases through misreading. The Oxford comma is so called because it has traditionally been used by editors and printers at Oxford University Press. New Englanders may favor the term  Harvard comma  (the convention is also followed by Harvard University Press). Commas and Meaning The comma can alter the  meaning of a sentence, says  Noah Lukeman in A Dash of Style: The Art and Mastery of Punctuation: The windows with the glass treatment are holding up well.The windows, with the glass treatment, are holding up well. In the latter sentence, the windows are holding up well because of the glass treatment, says Lukeman. In the former, the windows, which were treated with a glass treatment, are holding up well in general. The entire meaning of the sentence changes, simply due to the comma placement, he notes. Source Miller, Joan I. The Punctuation Handbook. Paperback, Wipf Stock Pub, 1683.

Health And Illness Are Terms That Are Commonly Interlinked,

Health and illness are terms that are commonly interlinked, and offer a topic of discussion that involves different definitions and viewpoints. For example, health can refer to physical wellness or mental stability. On the other hand, it can be used in non-medical terms, including referring to the health of a country’s economy, or the health of the education system (Kirby, 1997). Due to the varying uses and complexity of the two words, multiple definitions have been established and criticized throughout the years, while multiple sociological perspectives attempted to create a model that accurately explains the concept of health and illness, such as Marxism and functionalism. The World Health Organization (1948) defined health as a†¦show more content†¦Despite the similar definitions for both health and illness, sociologists question the nature of their concepts and emphasize that they are socially and culturally varied (Lawson and Garrod, 2000). One of the most preval ent sociological perspectives, the Marxist theory, emerged from the work of Karl Marx, a classical sociologist whose impact was mainly in the areas of industrial sociology and class analysis (Lawson and Garrod, 2000). This sociological perspective suggests that money and material possessions are the main factors that determine the quality of service an individual will receive, and further explains that health and illness are heavily influenced by the capitalist economic system (Crinson, 2007). In addition to this, it also suggests that socioeconomic backgrounds are responsible for creating the issues that require healthcare (Barkan, 2012). For example, consuming processed food with chemical additives serves as a side effect of a low income due to its cheap, mass-produced nature, and is considered to be a big detriment to health (Crinson, 2007). This, in conjunction with the inadequate health care that disadvantaged people are offered, means that they will experience sickness more of ten and receive inadequate help again, thus continuing the vicious cycle (Barkan, 2012). In addition to social class, race, ethnicity, sexuality andShow MoreRelatedThe Domestic Violence Act 1995 Essay1499 Words   |  6 Pagesas physical , sexual and psychological abuse. This abuse has a myriad of health consequences on all members of the whÄ nau, including children who witness or are subjected to this violence. The primary health care (PHC) nurse has a range of responsibilities in these contexts including screening for IPV, risk assessing, safety planning, documenting and supporting. 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A Comparison of Poems against Racism Free Essays

Racism is intolerance and hatred of another race. Many protest poems are used by composers in society to express their desire for social change. â€Å"Strange fruit† by Lewis Allen and â€Å"took the children away† by Archie Roach are haunting lyrics protesting against the area of racism. We will write a custom essay sample on A Comparison of Poems against Racism or any similar topic only for you Order Now Both poets have been influenced by either personal events or events occurring in society. Both Allen and Roach effectively use strong poetic techniques and pursue subject matter to the audience through racism to create a desire for social change in the society. Strange fruit† was written in the mid-1930s about 60 years ago. Lewis Allen whom is a Jewish American communist had seen a photo in the paper of two young boys that had been beaten and hung. This horrific picture encouraged Allen to take action and write this lyric protesting about the lynching that had occurred in Americas South. Allen saw that the lynching of African Americans was generational. He protested against racism to create a desire in society for social change. The powerful techniques shown through the lyric â€Å"strange fruits† are extended metaphor and physical imagery. Extended metaphor is shown throughout the whole lyric as it is continuous which makes it more powerful. This helps the reader relate to the horrific situation and understand how Allen is feeling about the lynching. The physical imagery that is portrayed in the lyric is â€Å"the bulging eyes and twisted mouth†. This shows the haunting image of a person being hung and draws the responders attention to the strong confronting words used to describe the dead †black bodies†. The lyric is extremely confronting and distressing which is deliberately shocking to the audience in attempt to create a desire for social change. Took the children away† was written in 1990 by an indigenous Australian Archie Roach. He had a very difficult life by having a disturbed background and childhood. He was sadly removed from his family at a very young age which was known as â€Å"the stolen generation†. The difficulties that he had suffered as a child encouraged Roach to become a protest poet and stand up for the indigenous Australians. Roaches lyric produces a true story about the aboriginal children that had been forcefully detached from their families. The lyric is extremely confronting to the audience which creates them to feel the desire for social change. There are many poetic techniques employed throughout the lyric â€Å"took the children away† that encourage the responder to understand the racism and concept of the stolen generation. First person technique has been used strongly by Roach in attempt to show that it was his personal recount. This is shown in the finishing line of the lyric â€Å"yes I came back†. This visibly shows the responder that is was roach himself. Anaphora is a strong technique used effectively in the lyric. This is clearly shown in the last stanza â€Å"back to their mother; father, sister, brother, people, land† this shows how the indigenous children had been taken from their family and then later reunited. Therefore both techniques clearly shock the audience and connect with the responders emotions in order to make them see the need for social change. In conclusion â€Å"strange fruits† by Lewis Allen and â€Å"took the children away† by Archie Roach are clearly both powerful protest lyrics protesting against racism. The poetic techniques are used effectively to get their own personal opinion across to the audience. Therefore these effects show that there is a need to create a desire for social change in the society. Many protest songs and poems are used by composers in society to express their desire for social change. Archie Roach’s ‘Took The Children Away’ and Lewis Allen’s ‘Strange Fruit’ are both protest poems in which the area of racism is being protested against. Each poet has been inspired by either events in their life or events in society that they have felt deeply against. Both Roach and Allen adequately and effectively use a wide range of poetic techniques and language devices to successfully carry out their ideas against racism and create a desire for social change through subject matter their purposes are also achieved. Roach strongly uses first person along with anaphora to get his point of view across to the responder. Allen persuasively uses extended metaphor and juxtaposition to make the responder see the need for social change. Archie Roach is an indigenous Australian with a disturbed back ground and upbringing. He was removed from his family at young age as part of ‘the stolen generation’ Roach’s devastating childhood experiences inspired him to develop into a powerful protest poet and be a strong voice for indigenous Australians. A haunting story is told through roach’s song, a true story of aboriginal children being forcefully removed from their family as was done to thousands of aboriginal children during the application of the governments assimilation policies. It is a very confronting song that makes the responder feel a desire for social change. Took The Children Away’ is a protest poem which employs many powerful poetic techniques to encourage the responder to understand the effects and the injustices of racism and the stolen generation. One poetic technique from the lyric that can be highlighted as important is first person as it is very strongly used by roach in an attempt to display himself in the poem. First person is most effective in the finish ing line of â€Å"yes I came back† this is effective because the responder then finally realises that the poem is in fact a recount of what actually happened to Roach. Anaphora is also successfully used in the poem. In the last stanza anaphora is powerfully used by roach, â€Å"Back to their mother; father, sister, brother, people, land† this anaphora is used in order to state all the things that had been left behind and taken away from indigenous children of the time. The anaphora connects with the responder’s emotions in an attempt to shock the responder therefore making them see the need for social change. Lewis Allen was a Jewish man, a school teacher and also a member of the American communist party which was risky and unusual in its self at the time of the 1930’s. Allen was inspired to right by a photograph of a lynching he saw that shocked him. The subject matter of the poem is about the lynching of African Americans in Americas south. Allen saw the harsh injustices of racism and how it was generational â€Å"Blood on the leaves and blood at the root. † He protested against racism in order to create a desire in society for social change. Lewis Allen uses a range of poetic techniques and language devices in order to effectively get his purpose across to the responder. The extended metaphor of â€Å"strange fruit† is a very strong and helpful device. It makes the responder think about the harsh realities and injustices of racism in Americas south the word â€Å"strange† makes the responder comprehend the idea of lynching, it is â€Å"strange† not right, and it is unjust. Juxtapositions is also employed by Allen in the poem â€Å"Scent of magnolias, sweet and fresh/ Then the sudden smell of burning flesh† this juxtaposition is effective as it makes the responder see the harsh realities of lynching by putting these two things together it shocks the responder as it is from one extreme to the other and Allen is attempting to shock the audience in an attempt to create a desire for social change. How to cite A Comparison of Poems against Racism, Papers

Case study on Marketing Management and Fundamental Strategies @Pepsi

Question: What are the fundamental publicizing strategies that make PEPSI the more incredibly effective thing? Answer: Executive Summary The end of the line of this elevating marketing plan is to make a reasoning about how PEPSI is progressed and appointed in the business. In this meander different investigation are driven, for instance, organization picture, target insistence, objectives targets, crucial business spots, SWOT examination, market investigation, promoting framework, focus on business focuses, advertising system, showcasing environment, purpose of contrasts position toward the end it was said that what are the fundamental publicizing strategies that make PEPSI the more incredibly effective thing. 1. Introduction Pepsi is world-momentous soft drinks thing. It is an amazingly nicely composed all inclusive association, which meets expectations in virtually all over the place all through the globe. They convey, one of best-carbonated beverages on the globe. Pepsi is an image of cleanliness, quality and organization, all over the place all through the globe. Pepsi is making Soda for more than 100 years, and it has expected control over the globe market for a long extend. Its headquarters is in New York. From the start, Pepsi was used as hacking syrup as a piece of America, and sold in drugstore. Yet the sort of that syrup was favored by the people and subsequently included water and carbonation and with the demise of your imperativeness and effort it is used as a reliable exhaust and now it is globe most noteworthy soda thing. In refreshment industry pioneer is Coca cola and Pepsi is fan. In 1909 more than 24 American States offered presentation to Pepsi to arrangement. Pepsi was at first shown in 6.5 ounces compartment. Pepsi was at first endorsed in 1932 (PepsiCo, 2015). In 1932 Pepsi was displayed a tremendous compartment of 12 ounces. In 1950, the Pepsi structure was a tad bit balanced and the sweet flavor and calories in Pepsi were diminished. In 1957, the compartment was changed in accordance with new eye-getting holder and the era was also extended by entry of two more things that were Teem and Mirinda. Today Pepsi is open to more than 100 million of customers which consolidates Asia and moreover Europe, Africa and America. 1.1. Competitor Pepsi's most noteworthy opponent is Coca Cola. Coca Cola is a general perceived thing. Coke's key strength is its thing name and Coke's method is not to change the thing name and pictures which are in the customers mind. Regardless Pepsi acknowledges that modify is must and if a thing is dependably held then its application begins diminishing. Pepsi with its centered advancing masterminding and smart mixed bag in making and publicizing new thoughts and appearance, is capably keeping is No.1 position (The Beverage Marketing Corporation , 2007). 1.2. Mission Business objective of Pepsi is to be the best and most prominent supplier of fizzy sodas. It is working for offering a top great quality refresher thing to energized gathering of spectators. It has an updated place by which it conveys the thing as demonstrated by the wellbeing necessities. It has different creators committed and have full enthusiasm for the extensive quality careful people to expend our thing. It has impelled ourselves towards marketing and unfathomable profit. It is dealing with the particular development by setting up the new apparatus by which it makes a standard spread of our supply to the client (Ostrow, 2007). 1.3. Aims The affiliation essential part is to accomplish the finest magnificent and their beginning and end routines are noteworthy with this reason. The affiliation is really productive in satisfying this reason, as they are known for their high bore in the business. Association's second principle part is organization. Close by the thing Quality Company by and large focuses on the marketing of the thing. Association's third protest is to fabricate their benefit from general limits. At the business stage, Pepsi has central and authority structure. All the game plan issues essential to differing associations and extents are made at the in the and recommendations are obtained from the mother or father office in USA, the clamp and close-by stage choices are made by additional itself, in the same path as the settlement framework, publicizing et cetera (Meghan Deichert, 2006). Pepsi has a game plan of making arrangements destinations for each extent. They have furthermore the destinations for making certain period of benefit from each extent. Plans essential to their goals and tenets are according to the accompanying: To achieve their objective of satisfying finest astonishing thing. They use their mechanical master terms to visit the various vegetation and amass examples to send them Seattle for lab dissecting, reliably. Instantly, they are get prepared for further getting the astonishing necessities by pushing the franchisers to use unique new techniques for total astounding organization. Thusly, those finest magnificent requirements could be gotten. They empower assorted pros of franchisers from unique nations to join in short tasks applicable to high bore at differing area head office. To perform their objective of new organization, they are spending stacks of money on RD. For completing their third end of extending general wage, they are get prepared to flourish their general limits. Especially, they are focusing on to those not made nations, which have high GDP and each family unit pay. 2. Analysis 2.1. SWOT Analysis 2.1.1. Strengths Association Image: It moreover is a tried and true association and is uncommon all over all through the globe. Perception is of making a top remarkable quality thing (Kumar, 2014). Quality Conscious: They help a top marvelous quality as Pepsi Worldwide collect outline from its different plants and pass on them for lab analyze in Seattle. Awesome Interaction with Franchise: Throughout its record it has a radiant regards with franchisers working in better places around the globe where they have the plants. Era Capacity: It has the change potential i.e. 60,000 Containers hourly for 250 ml 21000 compartments hourly for PET offers. Bit of the general business: It has a most prominent association and huge a far step head from its adversaries. Gigantic number of extends associations: This is furthermore its essential quality as it has moved in various associations, for instance, Pepsi drinks Pepsi foods Pepsi restaurants Hi Technical Culture: The whole lifestyle and business-working atmosphere at Pepsi - it has fast get to a central data source and they use PC structures as association resources for investigation and snappy decision making. Sponsorships: They fundamentally use superstars as a piece of their publicizing. Since people make pictures, and they hold quickly to their pictures. Furthermore attract social exercises applications like tunes etc. Mixture in thing Range: There is much thing differentiation in PEPSI in kind of various offers and makers. Old like "7 Up" much while youths like PEPSI youthful like "Mountain Dew" much as in examination to Pepsi. 2.1.2. Weaknesses Decreases in Taste: During the last season, it was by then released in Economical Publish that there has been enormous issues from the clients concerning the horrible flavor that they instructed in the midst of the time of six few weeks. Picture as a Franchiser: In their period in federal less obligation is maintained on them yet requital improves as they come in wellbeing. So the choice is not fitting as this part completely risky to their picture and the methods. Similarly a couple of individuals cure it as a regional market as in relationship to Pepsi because it is the plan of PEPSI as far and wide as possible. Short Phrase Approach: They have an absence of focus on this in their promoting, for instance, at present when they dissatisfactions the suit formal use in the 1996 Cricket Globe Cup they began a given in which they underscore the edge, for instance, nothing formal about it. Weak Distribution: They nonappearance behind in giving the non-urban spots and just amassing in the towns. 2.1.3. Opportunities Improving Population: As about in all over the place all through the globe measure of marketing is growing which hence upgrades the essential of things and particulars and especially in Japan the business is extending speedier as evaluate to other critical areas so they have a to charm new newcomers. Changing Public Trend: As in all over the place all through the globe people are surging towards waste sustenance and refreshment by virtue of life which has been able to be much quicker, it give the association leverage to catch this fast paced industry with its take away thing. Expanding: They may get into in clothing business to advance their thing name, by making activities outfits that mean their name by wearing their outfits. Furthermore they must have the ability to move towards snacks and juices. 2.1.4. Threats Elected Regulation: They experience issue if government execute evaluation on them, which control them to fabricate the expense of their thing. Crude Content Supply: Again this is moreover an authentic risk from it supplier just as supplier is baffled with the affiliation. He may reduce the give and control the affiliation. This development will completely influence the progression method. 2.2. Marketing Mix Analysis The second greatest soft drink organization on the globe, Pepsi has connected a few insightful systems in the last quite a while to improve its incomes and income. PepsiCo's improvement in treats like Lays, Quaker cereal, Cheetos and Kurkure have provided for them leeway over Coca Cola. In spite of the fact that Coca Cola is still the most obvious advancing thing, Pepsi has diminished their dependence on Sodas by developing their thing mix (PepsiCo., 2015). We are discussing the Marketing mix of Pepsi. We realize that the marketing mix is a compelling strategy and is continually changing with respect to cost and extraordinary offers. Therefore, cheers to Pepsi, which has constantly continued adjusting their marketing mix with the changing environment. Here is the Pepsi marketing mix or the 4P's of Pepsi. 2.2.1. Products There are 2 main product types: 2.2.1.1. Beverages Soft drinks Pepsi, 7up, Slice, Mirinda, Dukes, Mountain dew, Nimbooz, and Tropicana Mineral water Aquafina 2.2.1.2. Food Products Breakfast Quaker oats Snacks Uncle Chips, Cheetos, Lays, Kurkure, and Lehar Henceforth, Pepsi, differentiated and its foremost enemy Coca Cola, has connected in the morning supper and moreover treats zone. Coca Cola of course is present just in the drinks locale. The benefits of Pepsi's treats zone is that makers like Lays, Kurkure and Cheetos are in extraordinary essential. Quaker oats which is a latest extension is also upgrading in essential. So, the wages as a delayed consequence of the Foodstuffs is helping the essential point here of the association (Datamonitor, 2005). 2.2.2. Price Pepsi is in an industry which is overwhelmed by the two biggies Coca cola and Pepsi. Along these lines the evaluating of Pepsi is aggressive. In a war between Coca cola and Pepsi, not one or the other of the brands can win in the event that they enter a value war. This is on account of the expense of assembling and transportation is colossal. Subsequently, these organizations are liable to enter a brand war as opposed to enter a value war. Pepsi is referred to give limited time rebates and rebates on mass purchasing. For clients, as the holder size climbs, the rebates likewise climb. Accordingly a 2 liter pet of Pepsi will be moderately less expensive every 100ml when contrasted with a 250 ml pack. For merchants, the rebate is focused around the amount and also the installment terms. The better the installment terms or the higher the amount, the more is the rebate given in this way keeping the wholesaler roused. In any case, Pepsi needs to bring down its cost for the top retailers and mass purchasers. For instance The retailers and in addition hyper city are mass purchasers. Likewise fast food chains like McDonalds, KFC are additionally mass purchasers. These mass purchasers arrange with the soft drink brands on the premise of value and offer their items in colossal amounts. Accordingly, Pepsi needs to drop costs in these spots which influences the working edge of the brand. The edges of the organization are better through the merchants and lesser through mass purchasers. Be that as it may, the offers of the organization are higher to mass purchasers when contrasted with merchants. 2.2.3. Place Pepsi has a broad settlement system. It must be far reaching because the thing needs to be existing in every spot and scope of the nation to improve its salary. The standard procedure for convenience is through suppliers who in devotee outfit it with to suppliers, devouring spots, and essential need chains. The additional framework for convenience is straight through the relationship to immense customers and gigantic suppliers who buy straight from the affiliation. Therefore convenience course is according to the accompanying Association Supplier Small suppliers End customer Association Bulk customers End customer As expense is secured in the second representation, affiliations have the limit give better edges to Bulk customers. The vital undertaking in settlement is the expense of bundling furthermore the expense of transport. A couple of Pepsi's soft drink suppliers themselves may go about as suppliers of Kurkure, Lays and distinctive treats things as the convenience is through the same course. The things are also showcased from the same comfort shop. Along these lines, it seems sensible if the shipper of the soft drink is given the capacity to spread treats as well. Regardless, in a couple of circumstances, the wholesaler of soft drink may be individual from that of Snacks. 2.2.4. Promotions A champion amongst the most skilled reason Pepsi keeps up its thing picture is its excellent offers. Pepsi objectives essentially adolescents through distinctive Brand priests. The thing representatives have been the best superstars and moreover practices individual of the nation. Snacks like Kurkure and Lays focus on assorted fragments. Kurkure is known to focus on family treats and more settled gathering however lays objectives youths and the celebration notions. Gatorade targets simply practices as it is an activities eat up. Moreover Quaker oats, which is a latest release as opposed to distinctive things, targets morning dinner with a touch of masala. Pepsi uses all the press programs for its excellent offers. Close by ATL, Pepsi is similarly existing in BTL marketing. Moreover, nearby standard press ventures, Pepsi furthermore uses business remarkable offers and thing arrangements extraordinary offers at motivation behind acquisition. Markdown rates and appearance are persistently being consolidated to give the best mixture and worth to the client to upgrade buys and the thing regard. The fundamental thing is that Pepsi can't are available without the suitable exceptional offers. This is because of Pepsi related in the FMCG business, and in FMCG, you either execute or pass on. The FMCG business is one of the hardest business for associations. Regardless, Pepsi is continuing, and it is productive in the FMCG business. Likewise, expecting that Pepsi keeps re-creating its marketing mix so it continues being in the principle 2 sort of soft drinks. 3. Marketing Strategy 3.1. Targets To offer most foremost possible measure of cases, to have and endeavor to catch most raised possible business. Pepsi has set their showcasing targets, as demonstrated by the sources they have, and these goals are extremely fitting, under the current commanding position and the possible results. 3.2. Approach Focus framework is to accomplish the destinations, to offer customer the thing he needs. To offer Pepsi at an "a safe separation", to the customers. For this affiliation has consigned sufficient sources. 3.3. Plans Association has consigned sufficient sources to assorted industry. Sufficient sources are suited organization, notices, advancing and other promoting mix parts. This can be seen by the way of advancements made by Pepsi. Pepsi ads are routinely showed in the midst of the most exorbitant time on the crucial time in the midst of shows, syndicated projects, etc. They similarly pull in social events, musical show events, cricket suits etc. that consolidates astoundingly cost. In any case Pepsi has the limit get the favored results in exchange massive wander techniques in advancing, advancements and organization. 4. Marketing Environment 4.1. Demographic These movements and advancement shows a couple of dangers and potential results. Pepsi Worldwide keeps close methods for business styles and advancement in the business division. Extending development to places offers opportunity to Pepsi to fabricate its collecting, modify its expenses, as necessities be. Individuals are right now becoming more aware of calorie usage and are more careful about their wellbeing. Pepsi begin this illustration by giving consuming system variant to low calorie usage careful customers. So Pepsi Worldwide keeps a nearby eye accessible changes, happening in Pakistan and a while later plans its advancing strategies as demonstrated by these improvements. 4.2. Financial Pepsi is a luxury thing. Individuals can stay hydrated excessively instead of Pepsi. Regardless extending benefit reliably influences the affiliation. Exactly when various people have more non reusable wage, Pepsi offers more. It is also a desire thing. It has no formed purchase. Usually, we don't go out, especially to exhaust Pepsi. Constantly, we see Pepsi sign get ready to leave, and decide to buy Pepsi. 4.3. Political Progressions in authoritative environment moreover impact affiliation's systems. Higher measure of thing bargains obligation and concentrate commitment has been executed on the affiliation's thing, which influences the worth level, and at last the buying. It influences thing packaging. In light of current thing arrangements structure, creating more noteworthy tricks become enviable. 5. Conclusion PEPSI is the radiant trustworthy creators around the globe and one of the top thing. Individuals who are really thing careful they use this eat up (West, 2015). Individuals make a usage of this thing the best number of contrivances as they can. In view of support to assorted social activities or stars, this thing has a splendid picture to the people. Pepsi is such a thing, to the point that it will industry it itself these days even no additional force is needed. At any rate association is showcased it thing at its most huge possible by making markdown rates, Techniques or in articulation smooth key records. Brand trustworthy people use the things on account of marvelous flavor and high gauge. References [1] Datamonitor, 2005. Global Soft Drinks: Industry Profile, New York: Datamonitor.[2] Kumar, A., 2014. Finding weakness in the competitor strength. [Online] Available at: https://business.articlesarchive.net/finding-weakness-in-the-competitor-strength.html[Accessed 10 February 2015].[3] Meghan Deichert, M. E. E. K. L. P. . K. Z., 2006. Industry Analysis: Soft Drinks. Strategic Management in a Global Context. [Online] Available at: https://www.csbsju.edu/library/local/5thYear/zeigler_paper.pdf[Accessed 10 February 2015].[4] Ostrow, J., 2007. Disney Wields Its Marketing Magic. [Online] Available at: https://www.commercialfreechildhood.org/news/disneyweilds.htm[Accessed 10 February 2015].[5] PepsiCo., 2015. Performance with Purpose. [Online] Available at: https://www.pepsico.com/Purpose/Performance-with-Purpose[Accessed 10 February 2015].[6] PepsiCo, 2015. Overview: Company History. [Online] Available at: https://www.pepsico.com/PEP_Company/Overview/index.cfm.[Accessed 10 February 2015 ].[7] The Beverage Marketing Corporation , 2007. Carbonated Soft Drinks in the U.S.. [Online] Available at: https://www.beveragemarketing.com/reportcatalog3f.html[Accessed 10 February 2015].[8] West, L., 2015. What is the Problem with Soft Drinks?. [Online] Available at: https://environment.about.com/od/health/a/soft_drinks.htm[Accessed 10 February 2015].

Judaism vs. Paganism free essay sample

Groups of Wiccans who practice their faith together, called covens, have been passing down their rituals, texts, and beliefs for hundreds of years (Berger 8). Some scholars believe that through the times of witch hunts and famine, many of these traditions were lost. Since Pagan has been such a hidden religion due to misconception and witch hunts, most historical tradition was oral (Bowker 1040). Through newfound texts and online interactions, some of these traditions have been resurrected and new ones still are being created from scratch and altered from the past. The Pagan faith does not have a â€Å"set in stone† text, such as the Bible or the Tanakh. However, after the finding and exploration of America and once the witch hunts in Europe quieted, newer Pagans, or Neo-Pagans, chose to take a historically unique religion and expose it. They began to make â€Å"How-To† type books about the Wiccan faith, revealing a great deal of secrecy and nostalgic virtues behind the craft of a religion that lasted so long in Britain and other European countries. We will write a custom essay sample on Judaism vs. Paganism or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These books went viral, especially once the Internet was created. Today, many Neo-Pagans have websites and chat groups through which they communicate and learn new rituals (Berger 3-4). Due to the secrecy of Paganism for so many years, the practice is very centralized to location and diverse covens. It is not a â€Å"temple-driven† faith, and can be practiced alone or in a coven. Thanks to the newly printed texts and the Internet, it is simple for one to do some research and decide to become a Wiccan. On the flip side to this unique religion is Judaism, centralized in Israel. Similar to the Pagan faith, there is no single â€Å"founder,† or central leader, like a Pope. The faith survived through Christianity withholding their Bible written in Hebrew, which is the only religion to have died off and been resurrected. They have altered their language to assume modern-day tongue for items such as computers, cell phones, and televisions. Jews pass along their faith through two main teaching texts. The first, called the Torah, is the Jewish scripture. It is found within the Jewish Bible and is used for the services in the synagogues. The second text is arguably the most important. The Tanakh, which is the Hebrew Bible, includes the Torah, Prophets, and Hagiographa. This sacred text is how the language was revived. It also includes the first few books of the Christian Bible (Fisher 273-274). Though Paganism and Judaism do not seem very compatible, they surprisingly have some similarity. For instance, each religion had a horrific historic trauma. The witch hunts which fled European lands between 1400 and 1700 affected both legitimate Pagans and non-Pagans alike. There were an estimated 100,000 deaths within these instances. The accusers, which were anyone from the towns and villages including their religious leaders and government officials, blamed typically older, single women who were once called healers for possessing the devil inside of their bodies or souls (Kagan 440). In legitimate Pagans, single women who attended â€Å"sabbats,† or mass meetings for religious purposes, were said to be conspiring against the towns and contacting the devil. Sabbats are a true part of Wiccan, however not as the townspeople thought. Sabbats are actually the spiritual division of the year (Berger 4). Many accusations against these so-called â€Å"witches† led to death by quartering, hanging, the gallows, burning alive, drowning, or stoning (Kagan 440). Unfortunately, these occurrences did not end for quite some time. Slightly after witch hunts went viral, around the end of the 17th century, they moved from not only European countries but also America. This point of time sent the Salem witch trials into effect in Salem, Massachusetts, killing even more wiccans and non-wiccans in the belief of their devilish witchcraft. This period of time was hysterical for those who were legitimate Wiccans and those said to be â€Å"witches† as well. Much like the death penalty for women being â€Å"different,† was the insanely famous trauma for the Jews, the Holocaust. In the process of World War II, the world was in shambles and while trying to pick up the pieces, a new leader emerged. Hitler gave the people someone to blame for all of the misconduct in the world-the Jews. In this period of time, it was against the law for Christians and Muslims to add interest when loaning money to citizens. Thus, the Jews added a bit of extra cash at the end of their paycheck, leaving the other religions to blame them for their universally declining economy. Jews already lived together in tight-knit communities and tried to stay away from the day-to-day lives of the rest of the towns they lived in. Giving their perceived oddness an added negative bonus led the rest of the town to blame them for the war, their economy, and all else that was wrong in their lives at that time. Hitler took advantage of this shallow mindset and led him and his Nazis to create death camps for these â€Å"traitors. † Twenty-Two million Jews were slaughtered by starvation, working to death, gas chambers, and so many more horrendous deaths (Fisher 266-268). These sickening historic times are an awful similarity between two religions. A lighter similarity between Pagan and Judaism is their practicing of their faith methods: each in groups but sometimes alone. Wiccans can practice their faith alone or in a coven. When there are groups of Wiccans together, they tend to be all-women groups which enlighten us as to why Pagans are closely linked with feminism. This is also why many so called â€Å"witches† in the witch hunts were women (Cantrell 3-8). In the Jewish faith, Jews live together in close communities and prefer to stray from the rest of society. They dress similarly, live closely, and have their own economies within the group, vaguely influenced by their outlying neighbors. In Judaism, ten men praying together are considered a synagogue, no matter the number of women (Bowker 512-514). These groups give a slight similarity between Pagan and Judaism. These two religions are also very diverse. Pagans tend to be based on women, whereas Judaism tends to be based on men. Susan B. Anthony coven was the first women-only witchcraft group created by six women and one Hungarian. The Hungarian took the historic values of this group and turned them feminist. In this faith, women could be priestesses, healers, counselors, even warriors (Berger 13). This is the complete opposite for Jews, where in at least Orthodox (the traditional Judaism) men can only be rabbis. Men are also the only part of a marriage who can initiate divorce. Luckily, women cannot be divorced against their will, however (Fisher 255-256). Gender is a huge part of society and also in religions. Another huge difference between Pagans and Jews is how they conduct the prayers for their respective religions. In Pagan, prayer itself is not truly prayer as it is faith practice since there is no â€Å"God† that they pray to. Instead, there is a common theme of rebirth amongst Wiccans, relating back to the Lord and the Lady. This rebirth cycle is closely linked to the eight Sabbats which are the six week segments of the year that tell the story about the Lord and the Lady (Mother Earth). This theme is one of the few common traditions amongst Wiccans from all locations of the world. Since it is a very secretive and therefore inconsistent religion, even the dates of the Sabbats tend to vary (Berger 89, 91). Completely unlike this are the prayer ways of the Jews. In order to pray, a tallit (prayer shawl), Yamacha (round hat), and tephlin (scriptures inside of small boxes) must be worn. Jews typically pray at least three times a day; they pray when they wake, at lunch, and before bed. Their praying guidelines include praying ethically, so as to not pray harm or misfortune to others. On Saturday they practice the Sabboth Observance where they reflect on their good and bad actions of the week and how to improve on them. On this day, they are not to light fires, carry items a certain distance, etc. even though reform Jews find loopholes to continue to abide by modern society (Fisher 278-282). Prayer is such an important part of religion that it’s a wonder there are not more concrete rules in Wiccan. In my own personal beliefs, Wiccan would closely reside along my beliefs. I do not agree with having religious texts to conclude legitimacy within a religion, because religious texts can be altered through language translations and the translator’s opinions and beliefs. Also, I think that circumcision to become Jewish is like hazing men when joining a religion. The point of religion is to have faith in a higher power in order to make our short time on earth less questioned. It gives us answers for the unknown. Witch hunts and the Holocaust are the most horrendous actions condoned by humans because it is disallowing people to believe what they want which no one has the right to do. Between Jews and Pagans, their histories, religious texts, and christening methods may not necessarily be the same. Yet each religion gives their followers something magical to believe in-something that may not be real, but is tangible when it is most needed. It is great that both of these religions have groups that practice their faith together because through this strong union of people lead to a more fulfilling lifestyle and a more intense religious belief.

Compare and Contrast the Attitudes and Values of the Two Essays

Compare and Contrast the Attitudes and Values of the Two Essays Compare and Contrast the Attitudes and Values of the Two Essay Compare and Contrast the Attitudes and Values of the Two Essay The former does this by a ale narrator writing a poem to a female, using Imagery to entice her. The latter by using a duke, explaining the story of what happened to his previous wife whilst looking at her picture. Both the poems use imagery and other poetic devices but in different ways. The first uses them more often to impress her. The second uses them in a different sense as the better part of the poem is the description of his previous wife and how she died. Also they differ in their use of tone, language, style and devices. The poem His Coy is an argument and therefore structured like one. The poem has three stanzas; the first and second are premises, whilst the last Is used as a conclusion. This forms a logical argument; 1. ? we 2. 3. As the motive of the poem Is to convince his mistress to have sex with him the quotation shows this as It Is modeled as a persuasive argument. What this tells us about the narrator Is that he will do anything to get what he wants even If the other person In the time it was written it was a crime in society for a woman to have sex before she gets married, in the poem she is not as only his mistress. He is insensitive and selfish as he respect her values, it loud only be for his pleasure. In comparison Last is a dramatic monologue whilst using enjambment, Far hands/Worked busily a and is written in iambic pentameter. In the poem most of the lines do not end with any type of punctuation, enjambment. The poem being a dramatic monologue adds to the eccentric behavior, also this makes him seem like he was dominant over his previous wife which is his view on woman, that they are below him. In Dalton as he uses the enjambment this exaggerates the tone he uses. This makes him seem angry at her, which Is why he ended up taking her life. However at the end there Is more punctuation which suggests Tanat en NAS remnant mess T Tanat en NAS a violators Ana Decodes calmer. As the poem is written in rhymed iambic pentameter, it maintains an even beat throughout the poem. Iambic pentameter has been said to be the most natural cadence of the English language. It consists of an iamb, which is two syllables: an unstressed followed by a stressed. An example of an iamb might be the words a heart, drawn from the lines: A heart-how shall I say? O soon made This shows that the duke sounds calm, using a standard English rhythm of speech. However this contrasts with the enjambment which makes his actions seem normal. Through the structure of the poems it shows that the two narrators attitudes are similar because they think that they have power over women, they are above them. However it also shows they are unlike as in the former poem he is being selfish and what he wants is only for his pleasure, whilst the latter narrator show this quality. In the first poem the speaker uses imagery, alliteration and different statements to try to impress and flatter his lover. It starts off with a hyperbolic statement to make an impact, we but world enough, and imagery constantly throughout, of vast eternity?C,-1?0 and alliteration This shows a sensitive side of the speaker, he uses these poetic devices to make a greater meaning and give the poem more feeling. Also some of the imagery he uses greatly appeals to the readers senses, this makes him seem very persuasive and sly as he purposefully chose these words to do what it does. The alliteration contributes to the euphony of the passage lending it a musical and more poetic air. This shows he knows how to write a love poem and he again he has all the right techniques for persuading a person. The second poem goes also use imagery, however in a different way and for a different purpose. The narrator is describing the duchess to the emissary my last duchess painted on the This shows he is only describing the painting but as he is using the imagery he describes what she was like and how she made him angry. However as he describes her it makes her seem like she is Just an object, which she was to him. This is his view of woman, that they belong to a man which was very common belief at that time. From the poetic devices used their attitudes are different because in the first he shows his sensitive side and tries to put a bit of nuance into it. However the imagery in the second goes against him as he believes that she was his object and belonged to him. In both poems there is the recurrent theme of irony. In His Coy Mistress?C,-1?0 the entire first section is ironic in the sense that the speaker knows he being genuine. The speaker uses words to his advantage and we can take little of what he says to be truthful. In Line 1, we but world enough, and The first section of the poem is a series of hyperbolic statements meant to impress and flatter the reader but the first word sets this section in the subjective tense. Essentially he is saying if they were to live forever he would promise her all of these things. However of course they live forever and the speaker knows this before he starts the flattery. Line 19, lady, you deserve this Part of the speaker irony here is the knowledge is that although the lady might deserve it, she is immortal so she cannot have it. All of his extravagant assertions throughout this section are put in perspective because they are only based on fantasy. What this tells us tout ten narrator Is Tanat en wall say anything, even IT It Is contracted Day enamels, just to get this woman to sleep with him. This shows he is very persuasive but sin? at all genuine. In comparison in Last Duchess?C,-1?0 verbal irony is demonstrated when the Duke says to the emissary, had you skill, In speech (which I have The Duke is not a modest man but this makes him seem slightly humble in the middle of his domineering speech, this establishes situational irony. This shows how the Duke needs control and complete power and he causes a weariness to overcome the reader through irony. From the irony used in the poems, they are different because in the first its shows that he is to genuine and that he only says these things to get his mistress to sleep with him. Only says these words to get what he wants and for his pleasure. Then in the second it shows the need of complete control over her and his dominance. His Coy Mistress?C,-1?0 is a poem in which the speaker tries to convince the listener to go to bed with him, as such we might expect the tone to be coarse, lusty or even insincere as the presumption is that the speaker will say anything to argue his case. Ther e is a light hearted tone to the poem, which suffers when the concept of death is brought up. The overall tone is more melancholy than what would have been expected. The speaker says, hundred to adore each As throughout the entire first section of the poem, here the speaker flatters his lover to the point of exaggeration. This makes the tone in this section insincere and indecent. The poet speaks about death using the words, ? and What he says here alters the tone initiated in the first section through imagery associated with decomposition. These words institutes the realism of death. The tone here is sincere and melancholic and its effect lasting. Then the speaker increases the tempo and uses words like, and This is in the final section of the poem. These words give emphasis to the tone but they have been affected by the pensive mood which was set before. In comparison in Last Duchess?C,-1?0 the duke makes the poem about him by using words like, this makes the tone of the poem arrogant and possessive. However the sentence structure the Duke has used creates a conversational tone. It is the tone in which the duke speaks of his previous wife which displays the disturbing psychology behind his actions. From the tone the two poems differ. The former attitude is insincere at the beginning but then becomes nine yet melancholy. Whilst the latter is arrogant and possessive. In conclusion the poets attitude in His Coy Mistress?C,-1?0 is that he is a selfish man, who is only writing this for his pleasure. He is being romantic in the first section by complimenting her a lot and saying she is worth everything. But then he says she have it which makes him insincere and not genuine at all. He is also slightly melancholic towards the end. The aim of the poem was to persuade his mistress to sleep with him. I think he has done this rather well because he uses very rueful persuasive techniques and has used ways of appealing to the listener. The poets attitude in Last Duchess?C,-1?0 is that he thinks he has power over women and they are beneath him. He saw his last wife as an object which he was in possession of which bring with that a need of control over her. He is also moldering Ana arrogant. I en alma AT tans poem Is to explain ten plectrum AT Nils last duchess and what happened to her. He has done this, as it is only describing. However Browning shows us the traits of the Duke without ever mentioning them explicitly.

Social Disorganisation Theory of Criminology Essay

Social Disorganisation Theory of Criminology - Essay Example The latter serves to reinforce cohesion in society and curbs crimes or delinquency. Social organisation was limited to small communal groups such as local councils but was later applied to larger groups such as nations, continents and the like. (Kapsis, 1978) Thomas and Znanieki (1918) explain that the social disorganisation theory was initially applied in the City of Chicago by psychologist working for the University of Chicago; this was in the early twentieth century. The City of Chicago was quite conducive for the application and study of this theory because it had been associated with numerous migration cases from different parts of the worlds at that time. The social cohesion that had been witnessed in that City was now a thing of the past because there were numerous changes occurring. The sociologists claimed that arrival of immigrant populations within the City led to a breakdown of some of the well know social rules that had prevented occurrence of crime. Edwin Sutherland (1924) did extensive work in the field of social disorganisation through his book 'Principles of criminology'. In his book, he starts with the values that make peasant societies more stable and less prone to crime or delinquency. Such societies are harmonious and influences are derived from consistent sources. However, with the introduction of western societies, peasant societies were transformed by capitalist idea. Communal values no longer took precedence and instead individualistic tendencies took over. The relationships that initially dispensed cultural values and traditions disintegrated and there was 'disorganisation'. He also believed that systemic (organised and persistent) cases of crime could be overcome if society was rearranged to deal with it. But because society is random and individualistic, cases of crime will continue to occur. Henry Mackay and Clifford Shaw (1929) also collaborated in this filed of criminology. They were also members of the University of Chicago. In their research, they reaffirmed that there were links between the level of social 'organisation' and crime rates. They conducted research and found out that cases of delinquency and crime were more popular in areas nearer to Chicago city than those further away. They also concluded that societies with high rates of delinquency had equal proportions of adult crimes. According to the two, high crime rates were prevalent in areas where there was physical deterioration. They also reported that some location were associated with high crime rates regardless of the fact that their populations were changing. Their explanations for these were that populations were faced with certain social challenges irrespective of their biological predispositions. Consequently, those social challenges would lead to high crime rates even when those societies had minima l cases of immigrant arrival or population changes. The two sociologists put forward the argument that traditional norms were disoriented when there was introduction of commerce. This made social systems weaken and with time, they would eventually disappear. This could eventually lead to higher cases of crime and maybe even permissiveness towards it. Sutherland (1939) argued that there was a direct relationship between two aspects; social disorganisation in society and crime organisation. He asserted that the latter was propagated by the